Sc300: Big Ideas in Science: from Methods to Mutation

Jennifer Rivera SC300: Big Ideas in Science: From Methods to Mutation Professor: Shalon Bull August 14, 2012 1. List all of the components of two of your meals. Meal #1 – Breakfast For breakfast I had a Tuna fish sandwich, with lettuce, two slices of tomato, sauteed onions, and Hellmann's mayonnaise. I also had approximately 10 ounces of Minute Maid Tropical fruit Juice. Meal #2 – Lunch My Lunch consisted of a grilled Tyson chicken breast fillets, with steamed mix vegetables, and 8 ounces of bottle purified Dasani water. 1A. Where did each component of your meal originate?List the country that each part of your meal came from. Meal #1 – Breakfast The origin of the Tuna fish sandwich is as follows; The bread for the sandwich was two slices of Holsum whole wheat bread which is made in Puerto Rico, one 5 ounce chicken of the sea tuna can which is made in San Diego California, The lettuce and tomato was locally grown on the US Virgin Islands St. Croix by local farmer s, the Hellmann’s Mayonnaise was made in New York and the Minute Maid Tropical fruit Juice is produced by the Coca Cola Bottling Co. f Atlanta, GA. Meal #2 – Lunch The Tyson Chicken Breast Fillets are from Springdale, Arkansas and the mix vegetables are locally grown on the US Virgin Islands St. Croix by local farmers. The Dasani water is produced by the Coca Cola Bottling Co. of Atlanta, GA. 1B. List where you purchased the products from. Being the St. Croix US Virgin Islands is only 84 square miles and has a population of about 60,000 people we only have two main grocery stores which are the same just two different locations, Plaza Extra East and Plaza Extra West.I do all my shopping for grocery in Plaza Extra East for the last 20 plus years. So Meal #1 – Breakfast, and Meal #2 – Lunch were all purchased from Plaza Extra East on St. Croix USVI. 1C. Consider the chain of events that took the product to get from the farm/laboratory to your table Being tha t St. Croix is located in the Caribbean, most of our foods supply come from the State of Florida and is ship by containers on ships. The fresh produce and bread are shipped from the island of Puerto Rico where they are made.The only thing that is grown on the Virgin Islands is fresh vegetables and some fruits. 2. What are some of the benefits of a global market and why? List at least 2 benefits, weighing any short-term and long-term impacts. Some of the benefits of global marketing would be that consumers would have a larger range of products to choose from. Another would be the opportunities to small companies which can expand to serve a global market instead of a small country. This would give consumers the opportunity to buy better products at lower cost.Another benefit would be that opening offices in other countries would provide jobs for locals in that country and for the country that is opening the office this means that they will be getting cheaper labor than that which they would pay in their home country for the same job. 3. What are some of the impacts of this global market and why? Considering both short-term and long-term impacts, provide at least 2 negative impacts. Some of the negative impacts that the global market can experience can be caused by poor management of these international markets and others can occur naturally like for example bad weather.Weather and natural disasters can affect the global market in many ways, for example a country like China which exports Rice, can experience bad weather for a year which would affect the production of rice, this would not only affect China economically but cause the global price of rice to rise and the availability of the produce to diminish. So can we as a Country trust the global market as our primary source of food? I would suggest developing the nation’s agriculture programs and the production of foods in our nation the United States of American, and all other countries should do the sa me.This would be like an emergency reserve in other words. Another negative impact would be regulating the rates of taxation from one country to another. For instance if the rates of taxes are higher in Mexico for an American company then the United States might then move that office to Brazil for example. This would affect the investments market for others which would affect the global market tremendously. 4. Consider the phrase Think Globally, Act Locally. What does it mean to you?This phrase in my opinion means that you are thinking beyond the horizon and understand the issues and needs of the entire world, but need to master and fix the issues of your own country before you can get involved with the rest of the world. I think that if we improve and expand our food production capabilities then we can move on to the global market and work together for the same cause which is to bring food to those places that lack it and so much desires it. 5. Has your research on the global marke t changed the way you will choose goods in the future?Why or why not? After my research on the global market I would say that I will not be changing the way I choose my goods in the future. I would still choose the things that I like and would not change these things just because a nation or country might be benefiting from my purchase more than another. The one thing that I now understand after my research is the reason why certain name brands of products are more expensive than others. The prices of products in the global market fluctuate based on the economical state of the producing country and the markets demands.I learned that the more money a country has the more food and better quality they get, this is why poor countries lack food, and even more have a smaller variety in the food choices. References J. C. Chavis. (April 2010) Negative Impacts of a Global Market for Investment. Retrieved from http://www. brighthub. com/money/investing/articles/69512. aspx â€Å"Economic Glo balization† UC Atlas of Global Inequality. Retrieved from http://ucatlas. ucsc. edu/economic. php Global Marketing. Retrieved from http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/global-marketing. html

Edward Zwick’s Glory Essay

Edward Zwick’s Glory was powerful film history that popularized a story of the Civil War which was largely unknown. Primarily, this film gave credit to the story of African-American 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry from Robert Gould Shaw’s perspective who was a son of Boston abolitionist. This Hollywood movie depicts the participation of African American soldiers during the American Civil War which gives us some perspective about our history. Synopsis The film was all about the historical views of the Civil war took place in America (IMDb 1990 -2001). Glory† has been entitled to this film because it was a celebration of the African soldiers who courageously stood every challenge although it was not recognized by history due to racism. The heroes who belonged to the 54th Regiment of the Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry were all African-American soldiers. The regiments were headed by the son of an abolitionist named Col. Robert Gould Shaw who took the responsibility of preparing these soldiers for battle. Their race had been a hindrance and this was the reason why these soldiers were denied of every privilege and were given the hardest task although they fought in behalf of their white counterparts. When the day finally arrived to attack Ft. Wagner on July 18, 1863, the Confederates secretly and safely slipped away. Shaw led the 54th to fight for honor in a mission which was led to certain death while carrying the regiments into battle and fight for the honor of the country. This film was a depiction of Northern racism but despite the fact that white people were reluctant to issue proper equipment, paying these black soldiers lesser than whites they still resist their demeaning position in the Union army. The film was all about the former black slaves who bravely fought in order to win the liberty for their enslaved brothers. The film also showed different scenes about the infantry regiments who witnessed the federal service of Union Army during the Civil war. The film was historically accurate in some aspects but some were quite contrasting. Other historical aspects has been bent slightly such as the older depiction of Frederick Douglass in contrast with the historically accurate rendering of uniforms, weaponry and the battle’s opposing lines, the siege of a fortress; The role give to Shaw was also accurate; his acceptance to lead the 54th which was held in the field an not at the ball; Free-born blacks from the North had been drilled in local militaries before they got enlisted; Whipping was really used in Union army as a form of discipline; the 54th was the first black regiment ; Col. James Montgomery was depicted as murderer of racist which distorted the fact that he was supporting John Brown as an abolitionist. Finally, the assault on Fort Wagner was set with the sea on their left though they should be travelling north where the sea must be on their right. As part of our history, the portrayals of the role revealed that people were basically good but also has an evil instinct and this plays an important event towards the modern world which gave us a deeper understanding of why racism started. The film was made in 1980’s and was released in December 1989 in the U.  S. The film was very timely since President Abraham Lincoln has been assassinated in 1985 which gave a great influence in the movie since he was the President during the Civil wars (Swanson; 42). President Lincoln finally helped the black men to secure the final victory after the fort has been abandoned. With this event from the scene, it shows that in our history, the government implemented rules regarding the separation of black people from the white together with all the policies that are given to them whenever they protest or did not follow the rules. The film characters were mostly black people which can be critiqued as one sided view of the film to somehow suit their liberal agenda. Glory brought up some issues during those times such as slavery and sacrifice in order to be considered as men (Clamen, 2009). However, on the other hand, it only focused on one side which created negative rumors about Confederates as faceless enemies. The audience who will see it could create different interpretation about what had happened in the past which could possibly result to a new discussion for debates. Somehow it could be diverted to issue in our present world that’s why, the director should be careful about it. The movie wants to tell the viewers that racism became a part of our past but because the black people fight for what they believe is right and showed that they can also be a great hero, they have been given the chance to prove that color should not be an issue when we talk about serving the nation. Opinion I have learned so much from life when I watched the movie. I have seen how hard it is to live at that time specially when you belong to the black race. It is very obvious how the black people were treated as slaves at that time. The movie also shows the hardship that the black people experience. They don’t have a very good place to live in, they don’t have luxuries, they were not given importance on the society and they don’t have much privilege during those times. Since this movie was based from our history, I can say that everything that’s happening in modern times was really affected by it, and the result could be good or bad. Good, in a sense that white people and black people were now united, bad to some people who still discriminate black people because of the history. It is also obvious in the film that the black soldiers were into special colored units which shows a form of segregation, another practice of racist in our nation’s history. I think that the movie brought up the best in conveying the historical lesson to the audience. Each scene seems very realistic though not all, each line in the script was very essential and the characters did a very good job which made it possible in making this film a good one. Conclusion In general as a conclusion, racism has been part of the history which practically and emotionally, gave the black people the will and the courage to fight for their rights to be recognized as people and as part of the American society that in the end, their contribution has led to the victory of the whole and they have been recognized. However, Hollywood is still going to give us a movie that will show us our past, but it needs a critical research, and deep examination of what had really happened in the past so that the movie will not appear biased to anyone else who will see it and those who are still connected with it. Overall, Hollywood is a big help to us in shaping our knowledge about what happened in our history as the film makers are making it as accurate as possible.

Australia in a Business Context Essay

1.1 Introduction In today’s world, internationalization is inevitable for companies competing in the global world, where their production, target market, business model were integrated across different frontiers (Robins 2000) and between different people in different countries (Schulte 2000) In this report, we will discuss about Fraser and Neave and the potential of a joint venture with University of Queensland, Brisbane to build student hostels within the university’s premises. The entry mode will be suggested based on supporting context and company analysis. Predicted impact of action will be considered and suggestions for further expansion of the university hostel market under the name of Fraser and Neave will also be made. 2.1 Context Analysis 2.1.1 Australia in business context Australia, being an open economy with open policies for trade and investments, she has attracted many foreign investors without the need of providing any special incentives (Euromonitor business environment: Australia 2013). Reaching a $986.7 billion of total GDP in year 2013, $618.9 billion comes from FDI alone. Due to harsh contractions in mining financial tightening by both the state and federal governments and the strong Australian dollar, the country’s economic growth will ease in the year 2013. (Euromonitor Australia Country Profile 2013) 2.1.2 Australia: Cultural Analysis Culture is a ‘powerful social construct’ (Boyacigiller, 2004) in diverse multicultural workforces, particularly vital in the sustainability and success for any international business (Doney, 1998). Through a series of empirical studies, Australia being a country of low context culture (Markus G 2011, 75) has 4 main characteristics identified of their community (Australia World View, 2001) and (Communicaid: Doing Business in Australia): 1. Linear, logical, individualistic, and action-oriented people. Australians are generally results orientated. Therefore when dealing business with Australians, statistics and figures are essential for a successful deal. Since they can be seen to have confrontational and strong opinions, business dealings with them would need to back up with research or evidence in order to convince them. 2. Community likes to avoid uncertainties As Australians are people who like to avoid uncertainties, they tend to be very straight to the point with their words with the intention of having them taken literally. To avoid any misunderstanding or future conflicts, business dealings with them would have to be very literal with all conditions on the table for discussion. Implicit messages will most probably go unnoticed. 3. Adopts a very egalitarian culture Australians avoids differentiation between individuals and are often preferred to be impartial, modest and have mutual respect for others. Therefore they prefer a more down to earth approach to business. They are also altogether more receptive to innovation, fresh ideas and encourage active discussions or debates. 4. Appreciates privacy When dealing with Australian business counterparts, it would be wise to stay within the lines and treat attempts at developing interpersonal relationships with much caution. 2.1.3 Australia: Legal Environments In relation to the construction of property, we would be looking at laws that are relevant. As a joint venture is suggested for the construction of the student hostel, we would have to consider the complications of contract law besides the obvious property law, employment and industry relations, and general tax issues. As the land that we are proposing to construct is within the University’s premises, a partnership with the university will give Fraser and Neave access to the land without any legislation to bind or cripple the project. Nevertheless, there would be a need to attain approval for development through the Integrated Development Assessment System (IDAS) under the Sustainable Planning Act 2009. An application would have to be submitted in order to get a development permit for the construction of the hotels. Required information for the approval will be as follows: * Material used * Any impacts to the surrounding environment * Completed development look (Queensland Government: Development Approvals, 2013) Further legal issues will be discussed at a later date when the university of Queensland accepts the joint venture intention. 2.1.4 Australia: Political Environments The Australian’s political environment have been consistently stable since the year 1996 to 2011 with a small drop in the year 2009 according to the political stability index (World Governance Indicators, 2011). Ranked top 50 worldwide, Australia’s political environment has made the nation an attractive location for business makers to invest in. In order to protect Australia’s AU$15 billion international education industry from competition, the government have made its commitment to quicken visa processing for international students and release a list of policies universities, international education and research (Back to board on foreign students, 2013). Although concrete releases of these policies are not known yet, we can expect better support from the government on Australia’s international education industry. This would mean the future outlook of industry sees potential for further educational development. With a faster visa processing for international students, the demand for accommodation will increase and there will be our market. 2.1.5 Market Size and Growth We first identify the primary market for student hostels as domestic and international students, those in which plans on residing away from their homes in pursuit of their academics. Based on the study by Government of Australia and assuming 20% of the Domestic Students and 80% of the International require hostel accommodation, Australia Universities will require hostels to accommodate about 450,000 students: Australia| Domestic| International| Full Time| Students enrolled| 934,110| 323,612| 884,179| Students(estimated) needing Accomodation | 20%| 80%| | Rooms Required| 186,822| 258,890| 445,712| Study done by Government of Australia (Department of Industry, Innovation, Climate Change, Science, Research and Tertiary Education) in 2012 Looking at the numbers reflected above, the demand for student accommodations is substantial, especially among international students where accommodation serves great importance as it puts their respective parents at ease of sending their Children overseas. Students commencing would also be a positive indicator for high occupancy turn over rates. Although reports have shown that Australia is one of the most expensive countries to study abroad in (Cost of studying in Australia putting off international students, it is claimed, 2013), Australia remains optimistic about the future of international education program as part of their GDP contributor. In the report by International Education Advisory Council (Australia – Educating Globally), there would be an estimated increase in total number of international students by 30% in the year 2020. Market growth in this market would be projected to be escalating even if it might be time periods where the growth might temporarily slowed down (Australia focused on international student enrolment growth, 2013). 3.1 Company Analysis 3.1.1 Fraser and Neave Formed in the year 1883, Fraser and Neave have flourished into a brand that is ranked as one of the most successful and established organization in the Asia Pacific region. With a remarkable array of renowned brands that relish strong market leadership, Fraser and Neave traditionally made its reputation through the production and distribution from its own F&N range and several other international brands. In the recent decades, Fraser and Neave have moved on to property development and publishing with ravishing results. Operating at S$32 billion worth of shareholders’ funds and total assets, Fraser and Neave is present over 20 countries spreading across Europe, Asia Pacific and the USA. Leveraging on its strength in brand and financial management, research and development, marketing and distribution, as well as many years of acquisition experience, its subsidiary companies across the three industries are able to receive strategic directions and key resources to ensure sustainability and success. 3.1.2 Fraser and Neave: Properties As part of the business diversification, Fraser and Neave developed the Property Industry as a new core business. Since 1990 from a single mall operator, Fraser and Neave have blossomed into a full-fledge real estate group, Frasers Centrepoint Limited (â€Å"FCL†), which achieved a total of $1,345 million dollars just in year 2012. The group’s overseas property subsidiary in Australia, Fraser Property Australia, has made outstanding success in the Australia property market with the very prosperous development of residential and commercial projects. Involved in joint venture partnership with Sekisui House Australia Holdings Pty Limited, Fraser Property Australia has established its brand and reputation as a property developer in Australia having their projects span across Perth, Western Australia and largely in Sydney. Aside from just property development, the group have also developed and runs a service apartment under their Fraser Hospitality where they own full management rights. 3.2.3 University of Queensland Ranked in the top 100 universities in the world, University of Queensland is the first university that opened in the state and the largest university in Queensland. With a total of 4 major campuses – St Lucia and Herston in Brisbane and Ipswich and Gatton in South-East Queensland, the University have invested significantly in development and construction providing students with conducive environments for studies, research and other school activities. Covering a total of 1376 hectares of land 754,500 m2 (gross floor area) of which occupied by 764 buildings holding 522 teaching rooms and 1588 laboratories. 10 of which are residential colleges that provides student accommodations and places academic activity in a community setting of students and faculty. All residential colleges are located at the main St Lucia Campus. We note that there are no other student accommodations located in the other 3 campuses – Herston Ipswich and Gatton. Students studying in these campuses are encouraged to look for accommodations that are near the schools. In the University of Queensland, there are more than 46,863 students including 11,389 international students from 142 nations around the world. Of the total 46,863 students, there are presently only 2,955 rooms available within the University as follows: College with Residence| Student with Residence at the College| Cromwell College| 247| Duchess College| 200| Emmanuel College| 340| Grace College| 180| Halls of Residences| 440| International House| 238| Kings College| 298| St. John College| 263| St Leo’s College| 212| Union College| 334| Woman’s College| 203| Total Residence| 2,955| Assuming 80% of the International and 20% of the Australian Students desire accommodation within the University, the University of Queensland will require an additional of 13,000 rooms that it does not have today! Based on an average AU$4,500 per year per residence fee, we estimate a Business Potential of AU$58 million per annum if all 13,000 rooms are provided. 4.1 Entry Mode 4.1.1 International Joint Venture We proposed that the entry mode for Fraser and Neave in developing and managing Hostel Accommodation within the University be an international joint venture with University of Queensland. This entry mode is proposed mainly due to the ownership rights for the land within University. This also simplifies the challenges of property rights and taxes. This Joint Venture is formed on the basis of University of Queensland providing the land while Fraser and Neave will provide the resources to build and operate the Hostel, which is the key strength of Fraser Property Australia. Through the company analysis, it can be seen that University of Queensland has a potential shortage of 13,000 student accommodation. Therefore the construction of a student hostel in the campuses will increase the attractiveness and reliability of the school to domestic or international students. In the initial phase, the proposed hostel construction would take place in campuses in South-East Queensland (Ipswich and Gatton) as these campuses are far away from the only campus in Brisbane that provides student accommodations. Based on the current capacity of only 2,955 residences within the University, we are confident that there will be strong student occupancy rates to uphold the sustainability of the hostels. We believe that the University of Queensland would be able to attract and house more domestic and international students with the value addition of these hostels while receiving percentage of it earnings. Fraser and Neave could also benefit by entering the market of student hostels through this singular joint venture. If proven to be a success, Fraser and Neave could move into the development of student hostels in Australia and the rest of the world that offers international studies aside from residential and commercial buildings. This is a niche market that has not been developed by any multinational companies and has the potential worth looking into. As Fraser and Neave is already in a joint venture with Sekisui House Australia Holdings Pty Limited with its subsidiary Fraser Property Australia, it would be wise to approach this new joint venture as partners. This would allow Fraser and Neave to once again tap onto the expertise of its local partner and mitigate the development cost between its partners. Therefore the joint venture will be proposed to run three ways. 5.1 Scale Analysis: International Joint Venture 5.1.1 Scale of Entry Since construction and management of student hostels in a University is considered to be a new extension of Fraser and Neave’s properties development, we would propose a conservative approach in the scale of market entry. We would propose an initial accommodation for 500 students, which will generate AU $2.25 million per annum, and this can be subsequently expanded to more accommodations depending on the availability of land within the University of Queensland. Although small, it allows Fraser and Neave more time to learn about this market. As this particular market is very niche with only small players traditionally, it will take time for Fraser and Neave to study the characteristics of the market and develop the most effective and functional way to progress this into a large-scale international hostel construction business. This also limits Fraser and Neave’s exposure to the monetary and economic losses that might follow if this project is a failure. 5.1.2 Risk Levels and control Given that the hostel is only for 500 students, the risks in this project are also relatively low in relation to the small scale of entry. Nonetheless, these are the possible risks involved and how to mitigate them: Sudden project withdrawal from the University of Queensland Land owned by the school required for the hostel constructions may be needed for other University purposes. To avoid this risk, conditions for the withdrawal of the joint venture have to be carefully constructed in the contract to ensure a high penalty cost if any party were to decide to withdraw. Disapproval of property development by local authorities or state government agencies To avoid last minute disapproval, Fraser and Neave must ensure that all conditions posed by the authorities are fulfilled before filing for approval. Sudden hike of interest rates for the properties building sector Although this is a risk that cannot be mitigated substantially, a possible way to minimize it would be to make payments in full. This would however increase the financial investment for the project in a shorter time frame. A more prudent approach is to ensure fixed interest rates are negotiated prior to the start of the projects. Sudden drop in student numbers in the proposed campuses Opening the rooms for rent to students of schools nearby could mitigate this risk however; it would have to be based on agreement with University of Queensland. Students from the university will also be given priority in this case. 5.1.3 Return Levels Return of investments for the proposed project will be 17% – 20% per annum for each hostel. Payback period for the hostels will be at approximately of 4 years. 5.1.4 Control Levels Control levels for this form of entry mode is lower due to the number of parties involved. As this is a three way partnership proposed, Fraser and Neave must ensure that it has all the management decision for construction and management of the hostel thereafter. The agreement with the other 2 joint venture partners is needed and should be detailed in the agreement prior to project start. 5.1.5 Integration Levels With a long-term joint venture partner (Sekisui House Australia Holdings Pty Limited), integration with the local construction environment will not pose a great threat to Fraser and Neave. Along with the past experiences of commercial and residential properties in Australia, the integration of their construction contribution in this project is expected to be positive. On the other hand, partnership with a University is a first for Fraser and Neave and they might be hindered by the new rules and regulations that are imposed by the school. This can be mitigated by understanding the limitations of the school and its school grounds before the commencement of the construction. 6.1 Conclusion There is a great potential in extending Fraser and Neave construction line towards hostels construction with the increasing demand of international education in Australia. Being an undermined market, hostels construction will give Fraser and Neave competitive advantage as one of the first multinational company to internationalize this business. A joint venture with a renowned University worldwide gives the group an exposure to other Universities if proven to be successful. The joint venture would also provide the group with reliable knowledge and information essential for bringing this business into international grounds. A possible development can also arise from this business plan with the introduction of a brand new brand extension ‘Frasers Hostels’, the management of all the Fraser and Neave hostels across the globe. Total Word Count: 2750 References: Websites Fraser and Neave. Our Business. Available: http://www.fraserandneave.com/FN_ourbusiness_properties.asp. Last accessed 17th Aug 2013. Central Intelligence Agency (2013). The World Fact Book: Australia. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html. Last Accessed: 17th Aug 2013. Fraser and Neave. Fraser Property. Available: http://www.frasersproperty.com.au/. Last accessed 23th Aug 2013. Alvin Chua. (2011). Fraser and Neave. Available: http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_1792_2011-03-04.html. Last accessed 23th Aug 2013. Communicaid. (2009). Doing Business In Australia, Australian Social and Business Culture. Available: http://www.communicaid.com/access/pdf/library/culture/doing-business-in/Doing%20Business%20in%20Australia.pdf. Last accessed 20th Aug 2013. College of Marin. High-context and Low-context Culture Styles, Available at: http://www.marin.edu/buscom/index_files/Page605.htm. Last Accessed: 18th Aug 2013. http://acad.depauw.edu/ (2001). Australia World View. Available at: http://acad.depauw.edu/~mkfinney/teaching/Com227/culturalportfolios/australia/WorldView.htm. Last Accessed: 18th Aug 2013. Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (2012). Legal Systems. Available at: http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/legal_system.html. Last Accessed: 22th Aug 2013. Intead International Education Advantage, LLC (2013). Australia focused on international student enrolment growth. Available at: http://www.intead.com/australia-focus/. Last Accessed: 23th Aug 2013. Queensland Government Department of State Development. Infrastructure and Planning (2013). Development Applications. Available at: http://www.dsdip.qld.gov.au/development-applications/development-application-process.html. Last Accessed: 25th Aug 2013. Queensland Government Department of State Development. Infrastructure and Planning (2013). Development Assessment Process. Available at: http://www.dsdip.qld.gov.au/development-applications/development-assessment-process.html. Last Accessed: 25th Aug 2013. Worldwide Governance Indicators. Australia. Available at: http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/sc_chart.asp#. Last Accessed: 25th Aug 2013. Newspaper Article Andrew Trouson and Bernard Lane (2013). ‘Back to board on foreign students’. The Australian, 04 September, Available at: http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/election-2013/back-to-board- on-foreign-students/story-fn9qr68y-1226710079478. Last Accessed: 4th Sep 2013 Books / Peer reviewed journals Jan Aart Scholte (2000). Globalization: A Critical Introduction Second Edition. Great Britain: Creative Print and Design (Wales), Ebbw Vale. Robins Kevins (2000). ‘Encountering Globalisation’ by David Held & Anthony McGrew. The Global Transformations Reader. Great Britain. TJ International, Padstow, Cornwall. pg 239 – 245. Markus G. Kittler, David Rygl and Alex Mackinnon. (2011). Beyond culture or beyond control? Reviewing the use of Hall’s high-/low-context concept. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management. 11 (1), pg 63-82. Doney PM, Cannon JP, and Mullen MR (1998). Understanding the influence of national culture on the development of trust. Academy of Management Review 23: 601–20. Boyacigiller NA, Kleinberg J, Phillips ME, and Sackmann SA (2004). Conceptualizing culture: elucidating the streams of research in international cross-cultural management. In: Punnett BJ, Shenkar O (eds) Handbook for International Management Research. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press 99–167. Reports Fraser and Neave (2012). F&N Annual Report 2012. Fraser and Neave. Singapore. Last accessed 17th Aug 2013 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank (2013). Doing Business 2013. The World Bank and the International Finance Corporation. Washington Dc. Last accessed 17th Aug 2013. Euromonitor International (2013). Business Environment: Australia. Euromonitor International. Last accessed 17th August 2013. Global Market Information Database Euromonitor International (2013). Australia Country Profile. Euromonitor International. Last accessed 17th August 2013. Global Market Information Database Clayton UTZ (2012). Doing Business in Australia. Clayton UTZ. Last accessed 22nd Aug 2013 International Education Advisory Council (2013). Australia – Educating Globally. International Education Advisory Council. Australia. Last accessed 23th Aug 2013. Government of Australia Department of Industry, Innovation, Climate Change, Science, Research and Tertiary Education (2012). Summary of the 2012 full year higher education student statistics. Government of Australia Department of Industry, Innovation, Climate Change, Science, Research and Tertiary Education. Australia. Last accessed 23th Aug 2013.

Case 29 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case 29 - Coursework Example Equally, United Technologies Corporation has not been left out in same scenarios. Integrating the new branch previously run from a different forum from that of UTC forms the companys crisis. The large population of 46000 employees also hinders the companys integration of the Chubb system. United Technologies Corporation faces the challenges of harmonizing the new task force with their code of conduct. The aspect of integration becomes a challenge since the employees served under the company that lacked ethics. Therefore, there is a likelihood of experiencing resistances from the employees. The other obstacle is the distance. Most of the Chubb’s sub branches are located far away from the Headquarters. It is then evident that, training process of the employee will require more investment due to movements, and time since the distribution of systems spread across the globe. The concept of open management structure is the other obstacle. There is no organized structure entrusted wi th the management. The employees report to their place of working. Lack of technological infrastructure poses another obstacle in the aspect of integration since the top management cannot effectively communicate with the employees in their working locations. Finally, the aspect of cultural diversity of the employees poses another challenge. Despite the various challenges, Gnazzo must be prepared to employ the strength of the organization to counter the weakness of the new system branch being adopted. As long as Chubby is bringing value to UTC, then the project is worth consideration. Gnazzo has to put in place the necessary infrastructures to ensure that, the above obstacles get eliminated and at the same time ensure minimum cost is incurred by the organization. Furthermore, He will be required to choose the right team to eliminate the various obstacles. Necessary resources will also be a required. In this whole process, it is Gnazzo’s role to ensure that, the competitors have no

Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Research Report - Essay Example er, is that the Human Resource function by its very nature focuses not only on recruiting the most qualified workers to the organization but also ensuring there is a robust working environment. Lack of conducive working environment precipitates factors such as poor work moral, negative attitude to work, low or total lack of commitment to the organization. At Four Seasons, the management has taken cognizance of the fact that an organization’s most important asset is its employees. Highly qualified staffs who are well motivated would go out of their way to provide the best services to the customers. Such a quality is of profound importance in the hospitality industry where client satisfaction is the key to ensuring the hotel remains in business. An employee provides the first point of contact between a customer and the organization and as such, is the most important PR agent of the organization. Depending on how he or she is treated, a customer’s decision to make a repeat purchase is often rely much on the prior experience they had with the organization. The aspects of HR functions are not quantifiable in monetary terms, but play a big role in influencing the organization’s strategy. It is difficult estimating how much a well-motivated staff may be worth for the organization, but it is central to the firm’s profitability. According to Khan, the Human Resource department has three key roles to play in the organizations strategic advancement (Khan, 2014). These roles include one, to function as a strategic partner. This includes the provision of support for the organization’s policies, the people and implementations of regulations within the organization. Under this role, the department is usually the duty of taking care of administrative matters such as issues dealing with the individual employee payroll issues, insurance, leaves and any other benefits due to the employee. The department also provides support for the circulation of executive orders

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 23

Business law - Essay Example For example, the opportunities to go to school, where they are expected to attend all classes and pass exams. When minors leave their parents’ home on their own accord, there is little probability that court will force their parents to support them financially. If the minors leave their parents’ home as a result of the influence of other people or failure to abide by the rule stipulated by their family, then parents do not have any financial liability over such a minor. When they leave their home under these circumstances, they have to survive on their own (Brown and Emily 4) Parents are financially liable if minors leave home as a result of mistreatment, lack of food, cloth and to escape from harsh environment that they are subjected to by their parents. A minor is granted financial support in case parents have neglected to provide these things to their children. When the parents cannot afford to pay for expensive things like private school, court cannot force them to pay. This is because where the parents are providing their children with cheap but quality services, their children cannot win a law suit. Parents cannot be forced to provide their children with expensive things like private schools, jewelry and cars if they cannot afford (Brown and Emily 7) Paying of extraordinary costs should be made out of free will of the parent. This is because no one can force other people to provide what they are not able to afford. If parents are willing to pay extra money for their children to attend a private school, they should be the ones to make that decision. However, in case the public school the child is attending is in bad condition and does not offer quality services as compared to private school, then the parents have a duty to see that their children can attend a school where they are able to achieve their goals. This should also include healthcare since it is the children right to quality healthcare

Questions on Asian History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Questions on Asian History - Essay Example The Japanese aspirations for Chinese territories culminated in 1920, when Japan invaded Manchuria and finally in 1931, established the state of Manchukuo (Thomas). The establishment of Manchukuo was only a historical precedent, which marked the beginning of the Japanese invasion of China, culminating in 1937. The relations between Japan and the United States between 1900 and 1931 are much more controversial, than the ones with China. Up until WWI, the relations between the two countries were marked by political balance and mutual trade agreements. Until 1930 Japan and the US enjoyed a tradition of good and peaceful relations. During the Meiji dynasty and the modernization of Japan, the country imported knowledge and technology, as well its political ideas from the developed democracies in Europe, but also from the United States. The tradition of friendship and support however was broken after the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1930. This act was perceived by the United States as a n act of territorial aggression, and it was controversial to the ideas of universal human rights and liberal institutionalism, which the country was fervently promoting. Japanese human rights violations in China were the main reasons for the rapid deterioration of the Japanese – US relations in the early twentieth century. The relations between Japan and China and Japan and the US between 1900 and 1931 are contrasting. The Japan-Chinese relations were historically marked by hostility not only because of the different paths of modernization that the two countries chose at the end of the nineteenth century, but because of the Japanese imperial ambitions and expansionist policies. The Japanese – American relations however were marked by traditional friendship until 1931. This changed dramatically with the Japanese invasion of Northern China (Manchuria). The invasion was considered by the US as a major violation of the general tendency towards a universal human rights agen da, which was gaining momentum after WWI. How did the Nationalist Party unify China during the 1920s? The unification of China in the 1920s was largely influenced by the ideological platform of the Nationalist Party (the Kuomintang - KMT) which was founded in 1912. This platform professed a unique blend of Chinese nationalism, ethnicity and national unification. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, China was shattered by a series of riots and civil wars between warlords. The popular demand for social and political reforms was growing. Although China did not fight many wars with â€Å"foreigners†, Chinese national identity is based on the ideal of national superiority and the spiritual uniqueness of the Chinese nation, compared to other nations (Hsu, Murphy). This historical perception of Chinese identity became the ideological base of the Chinese Nationalist Party. It was embraced and implemented as such by the first leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party - Dr.  Sun Yat-sen. His vision of a greater Chinese society, bound by the idea of the state, became the political mechanism for the unification of the country in 1928. It was also transformed into a military strategy, resulting in the so-called Northern expedition, which unified China under

Crimes against humanity and genocide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Crimes against humanity and genocide - Essay Example The Holocaust does not begin with the first shots fired in 1939, or a charismatic leader whose speeches entranced the nation; it begins with a boy named Adolph Hitler. Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Vienna Austria to Alois Hitler and his third wife, Klara. Hitler had a very difficult childhood, as his father was demanding and critical f his every move. He expected Hitler to follow his example and work for the Austrian government as he had. The young Hitler had bigger things in mind. He first wanted to become an artist, then an architect. He failed at both. Hitler soon found himself drifting and alone in Vienna. He could barely keep a regular job and would occasionally stay at a homeless shelter. Hitler came to hate Vienna, for it was a place that represented poverty and failure. In one f his writing's he told f how foreign the city seemed and how repelled he became from the whole mixture f people: Czech's, Poles, Serb's, Jews and more Jews. In the spring f 1912 Hitler left Aust ria and moved to Munich, Germany. In 1914, war broke out through most of Europe and Hitler quickly enlisted in the German army. Though he never rose above the rank f corporal, he nevertheless found a place for himself. In civilian, life he was a failed artist with few friends and virtually no social life. The war gave Hitler a place to outlet his fanatical German nationalism, for he believed in "Deutschland euber alles," or "Germany over all." (Lerner 1992, 21-30) In 1918 the unthinkable happened--Germany conceded defeat at the hands f the allies. Hitler's world literally fell apart, and he could not understand how the great German army could lose to supposedly "inferior" nations. Searching for someone to blame, Hitler settled on the Jews, the Communists, and the New Democratic Government. He concluded that these groups had "stabbed Germany in the back"(the holocaust pg 42) by handing information over to the allies which had lead to Germany's defeat. (Staub 1989, 31-36) By the mid 1920's, Hitler had joined and quickly rose to the top f a small political party called the German Workers Party. Hitler used his charismatic and persuasive personality to mold and shape the party to reflect certain views, especially German Nationalism and anti-Semitism. Hitler worked very hard to improve his party's image and in 1927 he changed the name to the National Socialist Party, also known as Nationalsozialistische, or the Nazi Party. Many people were beginning to realize that the Nazi's were a force to be reckoned with. (Porter 1982, 1-3) In 1932, Hitler ran for presidency but lost to Paul von Hindenburg, an aristocratic military commander. 1933 marked the great rise f Nazi Germany when Hindenburg appointed Hitler to the position f supreme German chancellor. (Hintin 2002, 1-7) The fire f the Reichstag, the German parliament, marked the day when all hope was lost. The Nazi's convinced most f Hindenburg that the cause f the fire was a communist uprising and Hindenburg agreed to sign an emergency decree to control the situation. This decree took away all individual freedoms and privileges and would grant Hitler the power to make his own laws without having to pass them through parliament. (Burleigh 1997, 25-27) The Jews were the ones who were beginning to feel the wrath f Hitler's oppression. Hitler began to pass many laws that forbade non-Jews to shop at Jewish owned

Performing Arts in South Africa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Performing Arts in South Africa - Research Paper Example The fashion and performance night will be open for students, media, and culture, lifestyle and fashion enthusiasts. The event is free for students but tickets will be sold in reasonable amount to non-academicians. This fashion night will be very essential to create awareness on the visual and cultural heritage of South Africa. South African traditional dances are integral part of its history because these dances are expressions of all that life’s rich pageant has to offer (South African Traditional Culture 2011) On the other hand, the traditional clothing represents South Africas history that has left a legacy of traditional apparel as diverse as the people who have settled there (Warton n.d.)Acknowledging these different traditional cultures, both in clothing and dance rituals, gives the nation a giant leaps in recognizing this country’s rich national history†. The audience and participants will be basically budding designers coming from the Fashion Institute of Technology. This will include students, faculty, and staff and fashion show at the Marshall Hall of SUNY. The budding designers will take the challenge of producing short fashion production number inspired by South African traditional culture. This will improve the student’s creativity and will create awareness among this particular community as regards to the cultural heritage of South Africa among. One key message is that some fashion trends may have been influenced by the culture of this region. Furthermore, the students will further appreciate on maybe looking into the history of other countries as well and infusing every other country’s tradition on their designs. The fashion show must be coordinated with the faculty of FIT so the show may be incorporated as a partial fulfilment in their particular courses. Without the students and their designs, the program will not run. Note that this event

Ethics of Merci Killing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics of Merci Killing - Essay Example People argue that if legalized the choice of their life will be given to other people who may use it unethically to kill those whom they have a bias against. Another reason is regarding the religious aspect of life. Some religions see life as a gift from God and do not give a man the authority to take life at his own will.â€Å"The word Euthanasia means a "good death,"  Ã‚  "beneficial death" or a ‘dignified death’."   Euthanasia can be practiced in a number of ways; one can be defined as passive Euthanasia which is carried out to hasten the death of a person. For example by removing a patient from life support or in some cases by stopping food and water or any sort of medicine which is helping to keep the patient alive.The controversy surrounding Euthanasia can be broadly categorized into two arguments, one in favor of Euthanasia and the other against it. We will briefly shed light on both of these arguments.â€Å"Pro-lifers readily agree that anyone should have t he right to refuse medical treatment if he believes the side effects, whether pain or the burden of being tied to some machine or whatever is worse than the disease. This includes two types of people, One: People who, perhaps because of a serious illness or perhaps for reasons unrelated to their illness, are extremely depressed and say they want to die and Two: People who are suffering from illnesses that make them unable to communicate. This includes people who are in a coma, or paralyzed, or simply so sick and weak that they cannot make meaningful sounds or other communication. The pro-euthanasia people say that such patients' ‘quality of life’ is so low that they are better off dead and they should be killed.†People who argue against euthanasia say that if legalized it can become an issue of cost containment and government saving rather than providing long term care to serious patients or those who do not have health insurance.

Defendant Protections Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Defendant Protections - Assignment Example However, this has presented a major challenge as time to initiate arrest warrants can lead to dismantling of evidence and even to the extreme; the suspects may disappear as they evade arrest. Before searching for an arrest warrant, a neutral judge should grant the arresting officer permission to arrest the suspect. This move should be backed by adequate evidence of crime that must convince the judge or magistrate in order to issue an arrest warrant. If the evidence presented by the officer does not convince the judges then arrest warrant is not granted. In general, the fourth amendment deals with the aspect of search arrest and investigation. On to the Fifth Amendment, no defendant is held to answer for any infamous crime including a capital crime unless on indictment or presentment by the grand jury. No person is to be deprived of his liberty, life or property unless under the pronouncement of the law. Private property seized for the use of state must also be duly compensated (Brawell & McCarthy, 2011). The Fifth Amendment mainly governs pre-arraignment and post-arrest proceedings. The sixth amendment major deals with pre-sentecing and post arraignment proceedings. Under the six amendments the defendant has got the right to not only fair bit also speedy trial. He should be informed of the crime he is accused of and face pronouncements from an impartial jury. There should be a witness against him and should also have a witness in his favour.The defendant have also the right to find a counsel to advise him on relevant legal procedures regarding the case presented against him. Lastly, the eighth amendment deals with imposition of bails fines, bails and punishment of defendants. A defendant should in no time be subjected to unfair treatment and cruel punishment beyond the offence committed. Excessive bails and fines should not be imposed on defendants outside what is stipulated in the law (Wei, 2001). The magnitude of sentence pronounced

Spiritual Diversity Essay Example for Free

Spiritual Diversity Essay Abstract ]When meeting individuals and their families with various religious and spiritual backgrounds, it is important for nurses and health care providers to be comfortable and competent in providing religious and spiritual based care. To provide holistic care, understanding the religion or spiritual background of the patient and how it impacts their health care is an important factor for their health care planning. Three religions are studied within this paper; The Baha’i Faith, Buddhism, and Jehovahs Witness, and are compared with the Christian Faith. Key points were researched, which include getting a more in-depth understanding on the various perspectives on healing, the critical components of healing, and grasping a concept of the relationship between their beliefs and that of their health care provider. The Baha’i Faith includes prayer and meditation with the combination of modern medicine, in which can be lead to healing. A peaceful environment should be provided for patients and their families to promote prayer. Buddhism individuals also practice prayer and meditation, and follow a more restrictive diet. Keeping these key points in mind when caring for a patient of the Buddhist religion can ensure a more holistic approach. Jehovahs Witness can be known to refuse specific treatments. Offering alternatives can be possible. Jehovahs Witness patients wish to have a high level of respect, without being judged of their decisions. When comparing the four religions, it is found they all have the commonality of prayer, having a peaceful healing environment, and to be respected by their caregivers. Diversity in Health Care Health care providers meet and interact with many people of different ages, race, and religious and spiritual backgrounds. Being a provider to someone with a different background than his or her own can often be a difficult task. It is often thought that caring for an individual is solely based on the physical aspect, but to provide true, holistic care to an individual, all needs must be taken into consideration. Health care is typically defined as being multidimensional, and requires a degree of depth and balance between the elements of physical, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual health, and the dynamics between each and all of these influence that of another (Black, Furney, Graf, Nolte, 2010, p. 244). Spirituality plays a large role on the road of healing, and a health care provider must be able to understand and incorporate their individualized needs into their care. The religious and spiritual components of three different religions will be further discussed within this paper; grasping a more in-depth understanding of the spiritual perspective on healing, critical components on healing, and the relationship between their beliefs and that of their health care provider. The Baha’i Faith, Buddhism, and Jehovah’s Witness will be studied, and compared to the Christian Faith. Education and competence is a necessity when it comes to cultural and religious aspects in the health care field. To fully grasp and understand patients’ needs while they are in a hospital setting, can be challenging. Asking open-ended questions to an individual and their family can help the physicians and nurses further individualize patient centered care. For many cultures, religion plays a large role in their day-to-day lives, and when faced with illness, continuation of their practices needs to be incorporated to assist with the healing process. Another important aspect of spiritual diversity is to fully understand and be conscious of one’s own spiritual and cultural beliefs. This can allow for a lack of bias in the care that is provided, and to assure care is truly patient centered. For members of the Baha’i faith, there is only one God, and He is believed to be the Creator of the universe. The soul of human beings is essentially the identity of each individual, and the relationship between God grows and develops through prayer, moral self-discipline, and gives a meaning to life (The Baha’i Faith, 2012). Like many religions, life is seen as a joyous, eternal process that involves the discovery and growth of spirituality. Prayer and meditation are practiced to progress spiritually, and combined with medicine; it is believed that sickness can be healed. In the health care setting, prayer and meditation is a large part in the Baha’i faith, as well as symbols or pictures of the son of the Prophet Fou nder of the Baha’i Faith, ‘Abdu I-Baha’, which should all be treated with respect. No special prayer room is needed for an individual of this religion, but assisting in giving a peaceful environment will provide a suitable environment for the patient and their family. There are no dietary restrictions for a patient of the Baha’i faith, with an exception of the Fasting period, which is March 20-21st, when members aged 15-70 do not eat or drink between dawn and sunset (The Baha’i Faith, 2012). This fasting period can have an exception to those who are ill, but that is dependent on the individual. When providing care to an individual of the Baha’i faith, it is essential to understand and respect the views of the patient, and to allow time for prayer and meditation. Being the fourth largest religion in the world, Buddhism is a religion that many nurses and health care providers may come across more often. Like Christianity, Buddhism follows the principle of reciprocity, or the â€Å"‘Golden Rule’: To do onto others as you would wish them to do onto you† (Robinson, 2009). In the Buddhist religion, Buddha offered advice to members of the religion to assist them in healing quickly and thoroughly. His recommendatio ns consisted of eating selective foods, to consume foods at the proper intervals, keep an optimistic outlook, be kind, considerate, and cooperative to those who are taking care of them, and stay in touch with the physicians and nurses. Beliefs are, following these recommendations will yield the best results from treatments (â€Å"Buddhism, Medicine, and Health† n.d). Respect between the health care providers and the patient and their family is held very high with the Buddhist religion. Treatments recommended by the physician typically have no restrictions, including blood transfusions. Most Buddhists are vegetarian or vegan, so incorporating a special diet into their care will help build a level of confidence between the patient and the health care team. Prayer and meditation also is a part of the Buddhist practice, and Buddha figurines or pictures may be brought in by family members to help look over the patient. A Christian-based religious denomination that consists of approximately 6.9 million people makes up the religious movement, Jehovah’s Witness. Members of this religious group differ from the Christian religion in many ways, such as with the refusal of many health treatments or procedures such as blood transfusions (â€Å"Jehovah’s Witness†, 2009). When taking care of a patient who is a Jehovah’s Witness, the nurse needs to keep in mind the restrictions the patient may have regarding any blood transfusions or blood products. Having knowledge of and providing options for alternatives instead of a blood product will be necessary and useful for the patient when it comes to making decisions related to this issue. Jehovah’s Witnesses do not believe in faith healing, but will pray and reach out to their faith beliefs to guide them in the healing process. As a health care worker, having the Chaplain visit the patient and their family can help the patient feel more comfortable and gives them an additional outlet to pray and reconcile their religious beliefs during difficult times. When taking care of a patient who is a Jehovah’s Witness, the most important concept is respect and trust. Patients are trusting in modern medicine, the physicians, and nurses to help them heal, and deserve the right to refuse treatment without judgment of their decision. Receiving care from an individual who is of different religious or cultural background does not make a difference in the response of treatment, and a tr usting relationship should not be difficult to build as long as the caregiver acknowledges, respects, and does all they can to provide appropriate religious care to the patient. People who are of the Christian religion are acceptable to most medical treatments, and while there are typically no restrictions per their religion, refusal of a treatment or procedure is most often due to personal preference. While in a hospital setting, offering to have a Chaplain visit the patient on a weekly or as needed basis can create a sense of connection with the Lord, and grant some ease and comfort to the patient. Christianity places a lot of their healing in the hands of God, and believes in the power of prayer. When comparing Buddhism, Jehovah’s Witness, and the Baha’i Faith to Christianity, there are some evident similarities between them all. Each share the appreciation for the health care provider to respect and incorporate their needs and beliefs, even when their provider has a different belief or background than the patients. All four of these religions share a commonality of a higher being in which they worship and put their faith in, and who they send their prayers in times of illness or hardship. Respect is the most prevalent common factor of these religions that individuals wish from their health care providers, and is also one of the simplest ways the provider can give back to their patient. If a health care provider is unfamiliar with a religion or the way they practice, a great way to show the patient you are truly interested in the patient centered care is to actively learn their rituals or beliefs, and accommodate it into their care. Taking care of patients of a different culture or religion can often create a feeling of distress between the nurse and patient, and â€Å"misunderstandings occur because of the difference in backgrounds, experiences, mannerisms, assumptions, and expectations† (McNutt, n.d, para. 2). It is important for the health care provider to ask questions to the patient or family members in regards to diet, spiritual needs, and any special accommodations that could be incorporated into patient care. Doing so can help the patient heal in a more comfortable environment, gain trust and respect of their providers, and yield better patient outcomes and compliance. References Black, J., Furney, S., Graf, H., Nolte, A. (2010). Philosophical foundations of health education. Retrieved from Google ebookstore http://books.google.com/books?hl=enlr=id=KL_pBVZftwICoi=fndpg=PA243dq=spiritual+and+holistic+careots=sIGdQb4TzTsig=fa0-Z1gaIuc1camBWlGw3UmRobQ#v=onepageq=spiritual%20and%20holistic%20caref=false â€Å"Buddhism, Medicine, and Health†. (n.d). Retrieved from http://www.blia.org/english/publications/booklet/pages/37.htm Jehovah’s Witness at a glance. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/witnesses/ataglance/glance.shtml McNutt, B. (n.d). Patients from different cultures. Retrieved from http://www.streetdirectory.com/etoday/patients-from-different-cultures-pplejf.html Robinson, B. (2009). Buddhism’s core beliefs. Retrieved from http://www.religioustolerance.org/buddhism1.htm â€Å"The Baha’i Faith†. Prayer, Meditation, and Fasting. (2012). Retrieved from http://info.bahai.org/article-1-4-0-7.html

Prejudice And Discrimination In Social Care

Prejudice And Discrimination In Social Care As human beings, we socially categorise people as members of social groups rather than as individuals. The reason why we do so is because it provides useful information that cannot immediately be perceived and it allows us to ignore unnecessary information (Bruner 1957 cited in Smith and Mackie: 145). The danger of this social categorisation is that it makes a group seem more similar to each other than they would be if they were not categorised. (McGarty et al cited in Smith E and Mackie D: 165) The process of seeing ones self as a member of a group or self categorisation can have positive effects for individuals within a group. Tajfel (1972) argues that people seek to derive positive self-esteem from their group memberships. (Smith E and Mackie D: 189) As social care practitioners, we work with various social groups such as people with disabilities, the travelling community, young offenders, children in care, the elderly and many others social groups. These groups have been socially categorised and can often be considered as outgroups by society. They are often considered by society to be vulnerable groups and are often pushed to the margins of society and excluded from the mainstream. (Thompson: 2003) The definition of social care is the provision of care, protection, support, welfare and advocacy for vulnerable or dependant clients, individually or in groups (Joint Committee on Social Care Professionals cited in Share P and Lalor L: 5) Each individual who is in need of social care can socially identify themselves as part of a group. Tajfels Social Identity theory suggests that members of a group gain a self-concept and self-esteem as a result of their group membership. Seeing oneself as a group member means that the groups typical characteristics become norms and standards for ones own behaviour. (Turner et al cited in Smith and Mackie: 195). This, therefore results in members of the group acting in group typical ways. This theory can help us to understand the behaviours of various groups we are working with as social care practitioners. For example, a group of young adults who are engaging in criminal activity may be doing so as this behaviour is a norm within their group. It also enables us to see why these groups are considered as outgroups in society and can help us to understand why these groups are seen as oppressed by mainstream society. Tajfel s theory also tells us that often the individuals who make up the group are seen as uniform and their diversity is underestimated. This is certainly common with people who have intellectual disabilities. The ingroup, which in this case is the group who does not have intellectual disabilities, often views the outgroup, or the people with disabilities as all being the same. The individuals who have disabilities are categorised because of their disability rather than their individualistic characteristics and are therefore stereotyped due to their disability. Stereotypes can be described as over generalised sets of beliefs about members of a particular social group. (Schultz and Oskamp: 63) They are the views we form about groups as a result of social categorisation and reduce the complexity of the world into a few simple guidelines that suggest how members of certain groups should be treated (Schultz: 63) They act as generalisations about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among members. (Aronson et al: 2004:466) These stereotypes can lead to both positive and negative evaluations being made about the members of the group. They can also lead to the target group acting in stereotypical ways, for example, one of the reasons why a group of young offenders may be engaging in criminal activity could be a result of stereotype threat. This refers to being at risk of acting in a manner consistent with a negative stereotype about ones group. (Schultz: 69) The group of offenders are seen as an out-group and may feel their offending behaviour is justified because they have been oppressed, but their treatment must be disproportionately severe (Harrower J, 2001:4) Prejudices, hostile or negative attitudes towards a distinguishable group of people, based solely on the membership in that group.'(Aronson et al: 2004:467) can have extremely adverse effects on the individuals within these categorised social groups. Any group that shares a socially meaningful common characteristic can be a target for prejudice (Smith and Mackie: 143) Prejudices against people in marginalised and vulnerable groups are prevalent in the society in which we live. By virtue of their role and the social groups they engage with, social care practitioners witness the impact of inequality on the everyday lived experience of people affected'(Share and Lalor: 110) Ethnic groups such as the travelling community are constantly subjected to prejudices. Much research has been carried out in recent years in relation to this. One survey found that 42 percent of the population held negative attitudes towards the travelling community (Behaviour and Attitudes in Ireland 2000) and another revealed that 72 percent of the settled community did not want the travelling community to live amongst them. (Lansdowne Market research 2001). People with disabilities are another group in society which are subject to prejudices. Often society has the assumption that disability is a form of illness (Oliver: 1990 cited in Thompson: 128) People with disabilities have also been viewed as not fully human, or even subhuman (Brandon: 4). Despite the fact that societys attitude towards people with disabilities has improved over time as a result of moving away from the medical model to the social model of disability which involves the integration of people with disabilities into our communities, people with disabilities are still not regarded as complete human beings of an equal status to the remainder of society. (Share and Lalor: 334) Research suggests that prejudice is learned from the groups in which we belong. Racial and ethnic identity is a major focal point for prejudiced attitudes. (Aronson: 457) Discrimination can be defined as unequal or unfair behaviour toward an individual based on his or her membership in a particular group (Schultz: 63) and is commonly seen in the area of Social Care at many levels. Thompson (2003) outlines many processes closely linked with discrimination. He refers to Invisibilzation, a type of discrimination whereby dominant groups are constantly presented to us, for example through the media, and are strongly associated with power, status, prestige and influence, while other groups are rarely, if ever seen in this light'(Thompson: 2003.13) This is true of many social groups in social care. People with disabilities are rarely seen in the media. Infantilisation, which Thompson refers to as ascribing a child-like state to an adult (Share and Lalor: 2009:278) is also common in social care. Society tends to regard people who are elderly or who have a disability as child-like and dependant, unable to interact in their own right. (Thompson: 88) Thompson also argues that discrimination occurs in other forms such as marginalisation, welfarism, medicalization, dehumanization and trivialization. The Experience of discrimination in Ireland (2004), a piece of research carried out by the Equality Authority, found that people with disabilities reported one of the highest rates high rates of incidents of discrimination both while accessing services and at work. Various theories in the area of social psychology focus on the ways to minimise prejudice and discrimination within society. Allports theory known as the Contact Hypothesis, suggests that intergroup contact can lead to reducing prejudice but only under a number of suitable conditions. These conditions are that (a) the groups in the situation have equal status, (b) are not competitive and (c) have support from the relevant authorities for the contact and (d) have common goals. As social care practitioners, we can promote Allports theory through the work we do with the various vulnerable groups we are involved with. This can be done by promoting social inclusion within the community. Although attitudes towards groups such as people with disabilities have changed over recent years, there is much work needed in order to ensure that this group has equal status within our society. The same can be said for the other vulnerable groups we work with as social care practitioners. The subject of prejudice and discrimination is highly relevant to the area of social care and with the help of research carried out in this particular area of social psychology, we can have a clearer understanding of the reasons why, as human-beings, we develop and utilise these actions and behaviours. By having this understanding, we can develop skills and mechanisms to help reduce prejudice and discrimination, and combat the damaging effects that they can have on vulnerable groups in society.

Strategic analysis and marketing strategy for Samsung

Strategic analysis and marketing strategy for Samsung 1. Introduction and Company overview The consumer electronics industry is a versatile and competitive business environment (Porter, Consumer behavior, retailer power and market performance in consumer goods industries, 1974). Rival companies in this industry regularly attempt to surpass their contenders through innovative promotional methods, developing and reassessing their strategies regularly in light of external and internal factors affecting the business (Teece, 2010). Marketing departments of companies focus their efforts on identifying and anticipating the needs and desires of customers and designing products and/or services that meet all expectations of their client base (Gummesson, 2002). Industry leaders are usually companies that have excelled in research and development (RD) and marketing functions alongside their operational capabilities, utilising the information available to them to develop products that appeal to their target audience and communicate to their clients in a timely and relevant manner. Founded in 1938, Samsung is one of the industry leaders in a multitude of industries from power generation through to smart phones (Kovach, 2013). Each of their business units adhere to the same vision of becoming the preferred supplier of products and/or services to their clients, but the methods used to achieve this vision are tailored to suit the specific market focus, therefore demonstrating the adaptability of the company. This paper will analyse the marketing strategy and business environment of Samsung Electronics, focusing particularly on their TV production and sales functions. Therefore, this report intends to explore the various internal and external factors which shape the business strategy and tactics of the retailer, through the use of analytical business tools, namely PESTLE, SWOT, Value Chain and 5 forces analyses. 2. PESTLE analysis A PESTLE analysis is a tool used to examine the macro environment external to a business and highlight the aspects that impact on the chosen organisation (Teece, 2010). The letters in the acronym stand for the main structures (political, economical, social, technological, legal and environmental) which affect the business, as presented below for the Samsung case study. 2.1. Political One political aspect which influences corporations’ income is the level of corporate tax and customer taxation (HM Revenue Customs, 2013). Any fluctuations in the corporate tax percentage can impact on the operations of a business and many companies chose to move their business headquarters in countries where the corporate tax is beneficial to their profit purposes. However, many corporations do not understand that this could potentially impact on the overall reputation of the corporation. Samsung Electronics operates as a South Korean based and owned business and in one year from 2010 to 2011 the company has seen an increase in taxes and dues of 11.7% (Samsung Electronics, 2012). In spite of this, the company chose to remain loyal to its country of origin and, in turn, this has a positive impact on the ethical reputation of Samsung. In addition to this, the headquarters location of Samsung in South Korea is also a political factor that has to be factored into its strategic development, as the tensions with its neighbouring country North Korea and the threat of a military conflict in the Korean Peninsula is a pressing reality (Sang-Hun, 2013). Another political aspect is imposing tariffs and trade barriers, which aim to protect the local employment and producers through increasing the price of imported products into the country (Lee Swagel, 1997). This protects a country’s overall economy and Samsung has integrated local sourcing tactics into their Corporate Social Responsibilities activities, with locally focused RD departments and a focus on using and developing the skills of local labourers. 2.2. Economical The economic stability and growth of a region has a direct and significant impact on the profits of a business. Economic stability of a region provides high standards of living and high employment rates leading to an increase in consumers’ disposable income and a close analysis of growth trends determine the market focus of Samsung (Meyer, 2009). The consumer electronics market has experienced an increase in sales due to the growth of individuals’ spending power, which is expected to rise over the next decade, due to a steady recovery from the economic downturn of the past few years (Savitz, 2012). At the same time, the economic strength of a region (or the disposable income of the region’s inhabitants) is an indicator for the saturation of the market in regards to electronic products. As such, Western economies are areas where Samsung has a well-established brand name, but is experiencing potential resistance from the customers who are overly exposed to marketing messages from all consumer electronics sellers (Long, 2014). At the opposite end of the spectrum, growing economies are a great market for Samsung’s expansion, as the demand for upmarket consumer electronics is on the rise and the reputation of the company can be utilised to position it in a good competitive position (Lev-Ram, 2013). 2.3. Social Demographic variables influence a business’ focus, their product or service offerings and ultimately impact on the sales and the survival of a business in its market. Studies reveal that an aging population is less likely to purchase furniture items and the latest technological devices, which is relevant in determining the areas of focus (Jaimovich Siu, 2008). Comprehensive analysis of the demographics and cultural trends are needed in order to ensure that a company maximises its profits (Curtis Cobham, 2008). Samsung has local centres for RD in the different geographical areas, such as Samsungs Electronics China, Samsung Poland RD Centre or Samsung RD Institute India (Maniwa, 2010). This ensures that the company has a clear view of the customer demand and expectations and, although Samsung operates on a global basis, they can benefit from the local knowledge developed by these RD centres. Labelled as glocalisation, the strategy of mixing the global focus of a company with the local demands of the market is the way forward in establishing a company like Samsung as the industry leader in all the geographical areas where it operates (Svensson, 2001). Defeating the local competitors is only possible if a global retailer understands the strategies required to position itself as a market leader in a particular area. Samsung invests at least 9% of their sales revenue in the RD function, proving that the company has a clear understanding of the importance of the culture and demographics of its markets (Samsung, 2014). 2.4. Technological Another technological factor which increases awareness and reach amongst the target market of retailers is social media. The interactive online platforms allow companies to engage in meaningful communication with their customers and helps build a company’s reputation through customer reviews and feedback (Kaplan Haenlein, 2010). Whilst technology can be leveraged by companies to become more relevant to their targeted consumer market, mobile devices that allow access to the Internet on the go have empowered customers, who can compare and contrast the offerings of competitors with minimal effort (Simmons, 2008). Individuals can use webpages that are specifically designed to compare the technological specs and the prices of similar products from distinct brands in order to obtain the best value for money for the product they are looking to purchase. As such, Samsung’s influence in regards to marketing has been increased by the presence of smart technology but the marketing messages relevance has been negatively influenced by customers’ access to multichannel shopping environments. Due to technology, companies are also able to cut down production and promotion costs and improve the quality of their products. Samsung’s digital TV’s have evolved from black and white back in 1970 to the LED 3D TV sets currently available (Warman, 2013). In addition to this, the sale channels used by Samsung have diversified to cater to every need of the customer, with online shopping as well as in store options available. 2.5. Legal Electronics companies, particularly those who have diversified their product offerings to include smartphones and tablets are in fierce competition in the retail market (Brien, 2014). From a legal standpoint, companies have started to file lawsuits for patent rights in order to increase their competitive edge. After three years of corporate hostilities between the two market leaders in smartphone sales. Apple and Samsung, the companies have reached an agreement to drop all litigations between the two companies outside of the US (Swanson, 2014). Although less publicly spoken of, Samsung is currently facing another patent lawsuit from the chipmakers Nvidia, over the use of graphics which are patented to Nvidia and have been used in mobile and TV devices by Samsung over the last years (Rubin Tibken, 2014). The risk that a company is usually faced with when it comes to the legal macro environmental element is the precedent created by a lawsuit, as other competitors will attempt to find ways to affect a company’s cash flow and their reputation through claims. In addition to the patent lawsuits, Samsung is facing a controversial legal battle regarding compensation for factory workers who suffered from cancer and the company has officially accepted to compensate those affected (Simpson, 2014). Although the official statement of the vice-chairman of Samsung, Kwon Oh-hyun is an official apology to the affected families and individuals, Samsung clearly states that the payment and official apology do not concede a link between the chemicals used in the company’s semiconductor assembly plants and the cancer cases (Associated Press, 2014). However, the public might be inclined to believe that the payment is indeed an admittance of the company’s fault, affecting its reputation in regards to the ethical employment promoted by the Korean company. 2.6. Environmental Over the last decades, the importance of environmental sustainability has gradually increased, and successful companies are regularly scrutinised with regards to their carbon emission, recycling and supplier behaviour. Businesses are compelled by national and international standards to conduct their operations in a manner which limits their negative impact on the environment (McWilliams Siegel, 2001). Samsung’s design team matches the demand for new products with environmental standards and tries to make use of recyclable and eco-friendly materials. To exemplify, the LED TVs are made without the use of mercury or spray paint which are considered hazardous to the environment. In terms of manufacturing, the company has reduced greenhouse emissions by 47% through innovative production processes (Brownlee, 2009). In addition to this, Samsung has wind-powered facilities across the US, therefore utilising renewable energies, further reducing the negative impact on the environment at large (Samsung, 2007). 3. Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis Porter’s 5 forces is an analytical tool used for determining the profit potential of a company in its industry, in relation to all parties involved, from competitors to customers (Porter, 1986). 3.1. Industry rivalry The majority of industry rivalry in the retail business revolves around price competition. The consumer electronics industry is currently oversaturated and consumers are spoiled for choice in any given product category (McGoldrick, 2002). Therefore this is a very high threat, particularly for Samsung, as the competitors Sony, Panasonic and LG are able to match the product offerings of Samsung. 3.2. Threat of new entrants The threat of new entrants in the industry that Samsung Electronics operates in is generally low, because of the oversaturation of the business and because the existing competitors have established some barriers to entry, particularly the well established reputation of the existing brands. 3.3. Bargaining power of suppliers Another low threat is the bargaining power of suppliers, due to the same reason as above, as suppliers are not able to negotiate prices, as they are competing amongst themselves to become the preferred suppliers for the industry leaders, as a guarantee of constant profits. 3.4. Bargaining Power of buyers The bargaining power of consumers is one of the highest threats to Samsung, as the competition is fierce in the industry, and customers are overwhelmed with the promotional messages directed at them. Therefore, it is important in the retail industry to gain the loyalty of a customer (Macintosh Lockshin, 1997). Also, apart from the fact that consumers are price-sensitive, they are also becoming oversaturated with generalised promotional messages so, in order to gain potential customers, Samsung needs to invest time and budget into researching their target audience and developing relevant and appealing messages, which in turn increases the chances to boost the profits of the firm. 3.5. Threat of substitutes The threat of substitutes is a relatively high one, as an increasing number of individuals are using their laptop, PCs, tablets or smartphones to watch programmes that they would traditionally watch on TV. However, Samsung Electronics has diversified its product offerings to include any of the products that could potentially replace TVs, whilst also evolving towards more sophisticated and interactive models of TV, which offer seamless integrations with web applications and external devices. 4. SWOT analysis The SWOT analysis is a framework used to categorise internal and external factors that influence the operations of an organisation. Unlike the PESTLE analysis, this tool clearly requires a delimitation of negative and positive factors that influence a company and whether these factors are internal or external to the organisation. External Internal Positive Negative Strengths Weaknesses Product range Ownership of market share Brand reputation Awards and industry recognition Low cost productions Local teams in all locations Investment in RD Pricing tactics – lower price is usually interpreted as low quality Not niche focused Relies on external software for products Distribution channels costs for products Patent litigations with Apple Opportunities Threats Increased market demand in growing economies (particularly India) Increase in disposable income after economic downturn recovery Demand for innovative products Reputation of competitors Decline in demand for TVs Political instability in South Korea Aging population 5. The marketing mix (4Ps) 5.1. Product The variety of TV sets offered by Samsung ensures it keeps abreast of the competition in the consumer electronics market. Their product offerings are suitable to a wide array of customers, from those requiring basic TV sets through to large display 3D TVs with interactive features for those potential clients who are interested in the latest gadgets (Katzmaier, 2011). The consistency in high performance and stylish designs for their products ensures the brand recognition of Samsung TVs. 5.2. Price Pricing strategies are dependent on a variety of influencing factors. Despite popular belief, the lowest prices are not the most attractive to all customers, as the demands of the market in general has become more sophisticated and consumers have become aware of the concept of value for money (Ba Pavlou, 2002). As such, clients are prepared to pay premium prices if they are comfortable in the belief that they will obtain a high quality product. As such, Samsung uses the competitive pricing strategy for their TVs, devoting time to comparing their prices with the ones of their main competitors like LG or Sony in every geographical market (Woollaston, 2013). The Samsung TV prices reflect the quality that the customers can expect from the product. 5.3. Placement Through a thorough market research Samsung places their products in the best retail seller locations in each of the countries where they operate. For example, Samsung TVs can be found in John Lewis, Tesco or Argos stores across the UK, which are some of the best known British retailers. At the same time, Samsung operates independent showrooms and have partnered with numerous other companies from all industries that display Samsung TVs in their headquarters in order to increase the market presence of the brand (Kershaw, 2012). Overall, the placement of products in all the retail locations ensures that the brand maintains its leading market position, as the catalogues of stores where Samsung TVs are sold feature the newest TV models released by the company, promoting the brand even further. 5.4. Promotion Samsung often uses promotional pricing tactics in order to maintain its competitive edge over the other industry leaders. Specifically designed to attract customers, price reductions, such as the ones available in John Lewis online stores, with free delivery and 5 year guarantee and added care for all Samsung TV sets, these promotions are particularly available around the Christmas holidays in order to attract customers at a time when their disposable income is used to make more generous purchases, including new TVs for the house (Moore, 2011). In 2011, when Samsung launched their new generation of 3D TVs, they were offering two free pairs of 3D glasses with the purchase of selected TVs, an attractive offer for the potential customers, particularly as none of the other Panasonic or LG 3D TVs were benefiting from this offer (Katzmaier, 2011). 6. Conclusion Although the quality, design and technological specifications of consumer electronics remain important characteristics in the decision making process of a consumers’ purchase, marketing strategies and tactics have a crucial impact on the perception of existing and potential customers. The reputation of a company, including their ethical behaviour, from human resources to their impact on the environment at large and the perception of industry innovators in their specific market can influence the profits of a company in a significant manner. This paper has presented how the external environment can influence the marketing strategy of a company and how Samsung Electronics’ current practices are in line with the demands and realities of the consumer electronics market across the globe. Although the competition is fierce and Samsung’s rivals in the TV market share are other well-known global brands such as LG, Sony or Panasonic, the ethical behaviour of Samsung has helped the company increase their revenue each year, through launching products that attract the technological savvy customers, as well as launching promotional offers for the customers who are more price sensitive. Samsung’s ambition to become a global leader in the consumer electronics industry is complemented by their investment in research and development and marketing functions of the organisation, as well as adapting a strategy of glocalisation, using their recognisable brand name but becoming aware of the needs and desires of customers in each local market. 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